human reason. Once that question is raised, it must be answered. It cannot be ignored. SOCRATES: So you thought Plato and Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas were even more uncritical than Descartes and the Rationalists because they did metaphysics without doing epistemology first? KANT: Yes. They simply assumed that the human mind could know being, could know reality as it really is, could know “things-in-themselves”, as I called them. But in modern philosophy we are more critical: we demand that that